As Coronavirus (officially called COVID-19) continues to dominate the news, it might be useful to look at some of the language to talk about it.
The first is that people contract a virus (= get it). When a disease passes very easily from one person to another, as this one does, we say that it is extremely infectious or highly contagious. People that have it and may pass it to others are known as carriers. Some people seem to be more infectious (= pass on the disease more) than others, and these people are known as super-spreaders.
The first person to get a new disease is known as patient zero. When a patient has signs that they are ill, we say that they show/display symptoms, in this case a fever (= high temperature), cough and respiratory difficulty (= problems with breathing). The period between catching the illness and showing symptoms is the incubation period.
We use the word cases to refer to people who have a disease, e.g. There have been several cases of COVID-19 in the UK. When doctors have done tests and are sure that people have it, we call them confirmed or diagnosed cases. If doctors find that someone has the disease, we say that they test positive for it. If there is an unusually high number, we say that there is a spike in cases, whereas if numbers seem as though they are continuing to fall, we say that they have peaked.
We often talk about the mortality rate of a disease to say what proportion of people die from it. The death toll is the number of people who have died. The start of a disease is called the outbreak. COVID-19 hasn’t yet been classified as a pandemic (= a disease that has spread all over the world), but it has the potential to become one.
Governments have to decide how to control/contain the spread of the virus. Towns and cities may be put/placed on/in lockdown so that nobody can enter or leave them, countries may close their borders (= stop letting people from other countries in) and airlines sometimes suspend flights (= stop flying) to certain places.
People who may have the disease are often put/placed in quarantine (= made to stay somewhere away from other people). Passengers returning from an area with coronavirus may be asked to self-quarantine (= stay away from other people voluntarily). Despite the fact that most experts don’t think they are effective, some countries have seen huge queues for face masks (= covers for your mouth and nose). Meanwhile, scientists are racing to develop a vaccine (= make medicine that will stop people getting the virus).
We hope you find these words and phrases useful – and please stay safe!
source: dictionaryblog.cambridge.org
Can you pair up the expressions with their definition?
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1. to contract a virus |
a. to have signs that somebody is ill |
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2. infectious, contagious |
b. the period between catching the illness and showing symptoms |
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3. to be more infectious |
c. the first person to get a new disease |
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4. patient zero |
d. the number of people who have died |
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5. carrier |
e. people who have a disease |
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6. to show symptoms |
f. a disease that has spread all over the world |
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7. respiratory difficulty |
g. likely to spread in a rapid manner |
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8. incubation period |
h. a cover for your mouth and nose |
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9. case |
i. people that have a disease and may pass it to others |
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10. death toll |
j. to get a virus |
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11. outbreak |
k. problems with breathing |
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12. pandemic |
l. to be made to stay somewhere away from other people |
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13. to be put to quarantine |
m. medicine that will stop people getting the virus |
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14. face mask |
n. the start of a disease |
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15. vaccine |
o. to pass on the disease more |
Key:
1. j. 2. g. 3. o. 4. c. 5. i. 6. a. 7. k. 8. b. 9. e. 10. d. 11. n. 12. f. 13. l. 14. h. 15. m.
| to dominate | dominare |
| to contract a virus | contrarre un virus |
| to pass | diffondersi |
| infectious | infettivo, contaggioso |
| highly contagious | molto contaggioso |
| carrier | portatore |
| super spreader | super diffusore |
| patient zero | paziente zero |
| to show/display symptoms | mostrare/manifestare sintomi |
| fever | febbre |
| cough | tosse |
| respiratory difficulty | difficoltá respiratorie |
| breathing | respirazione |
| to catch an illness | prendere una malattia |
| incubation period | periodo di incubazione |
| case | caso |
| confirmed/diagnosed case | casi confermati/diagnosticati |
| to test positive for a diesase | diagnosticare una malattia |
| a spike in cases | un picco nei casi |
| to peak | arrivare all’apice, raggiungere il picco |
| mortality rate | tasso di mortalitá |
| proportion | proporzione |
| death toll | numero dei decessi |
| outbreak | epidemia |
| pandemic | pandemia |
| to have the potential | avere la potenza di |
| to control/contain the spread of the virus | controllare/contenere la diffusine del virus |
| lockdown | blocco, isolamento |
| to be put in/placed on lockdown | essere messo in isolamento |
| to close the borders | chiudere/bloccare i confini |
| to suspend flights | sospendere i voli |
| to put/place in quarantine | essere messo in quarantena |
| self-quarantine | auto-isolamento |
| voluntarily | volontariamente |
| expert | esperto |
| face mask | maschera |
| to race | gareggiare/competere (col tempo) |
| to develop | sviluppare |
| vaccine | vaccino |
